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- GNU Free Documentation License
-
- Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
-
- Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- <http://fsf.org/>
-
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
- document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
- 0. PREAMBLE
-
- The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional
- and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
- effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it,
- either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves
- for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
- being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
-
- This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
- the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
- GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
- software.
-
- We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
- because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
- with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this
- License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual
- work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed
- book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
- or reference.
-
- 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
-
- This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains
- a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under
- the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free
- license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated
- herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
- of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license
- if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
- copyright law.
-
- A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
- or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated
- into another language.
-
- A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
- Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
- authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters)
- and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
- (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
- may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
- connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
- philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
-
- The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated,
- as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document
- is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition
- of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document
- may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any
- Invariant Sections then there are none.
-
- The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
- Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released
- under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover
- Text may be at most 25 words.
-
- A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
- in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is
- suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors
- or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings)
- some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
- formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for
- input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
- whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
- subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
- not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
- not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
-
- Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
- markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
- available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed
- for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG,
- XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
- edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
- and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
- HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes
- only.
-
- The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
- following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
- requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
- any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
- appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
- text.
-
- The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of the
- Document to the public.
-
- A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title
- either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
- translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
- name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements",
- or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
- Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
- definition.
-
- The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states
- that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are
- considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards
- disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers
- may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
-
- 2. VERBATIM COPYING
-
- You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
- or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
- the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
- in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of
- this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
- reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
- you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large
- enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
-
- You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
- may publicly display copies.
-
- 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
-
- If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed
- covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license
- notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
- clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
- cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
- and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover
- must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent
- and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying
- with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
- the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
- in other respects.
-
- If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
- you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
- cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
-
- If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
- than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
- with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
- location from which the general network-using public has access to download
- using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the
- Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
- reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in
- quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible
- at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute
- an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition
- to the public.
-
- It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
- well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
- to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-
- 4. MODIFICATIONS
-
- You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions
- of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version
- under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of
- the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified
- Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
- things in the Modified Version:
-
- A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
- that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
- there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
- use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
- version gives permission.
-
- B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
- for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with
- at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
- authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
-
- C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
- as the publisher.
-
- D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-
- E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
- the other copyright notices.
-
- F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
- the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
- License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-
- G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
- required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an
- unaltered copy of this License.
-
- I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to
- it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of
- the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled
- "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
- publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing
- the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
-
- J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
- access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
- given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be
- placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
- that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
- original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
-
- K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
- the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and
- tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given
- therein.
-
- L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
- text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
- part of the section titles.
-
- M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included
- in the Modified Version.
-
- N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
- conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
-
- O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
-
- If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
- qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
- you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.
- To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
- Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
- titles.
-
- You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
- but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
- statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
- as the authoritative definition of a standard.
-
- You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
- of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
- in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover
- Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If
- the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
- added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf
- of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
- permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
-
- The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
- permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement
- of any Modified Version.
-
- 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
-
- You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
- under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
- that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
- the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
- of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
- Warranty Disclaimers.
-
- The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
- identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
- are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
- make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
- parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
- if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
- titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
- work.
-
- In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
- various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
- combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
- "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
-
- 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
-
- You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
- under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
- various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided
- that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
- the documents in all other respects.
-
- You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
- individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
- into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
- regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-
- 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
-
- A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
- documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium,
- is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is
- not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what
- the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate,
- this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
- not themselves derivative works of the Document.
-
- If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
- the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate,
- the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
- within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document
- is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
- the whole aggregate.
-
- 8. TRANSLATION
-
- Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
- of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections
- with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders,
- but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
- to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation
- of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty
- Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of
- this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In
- case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of
- this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
-
- If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
- or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1)
- will typically require changing the actual title.
-
- 9. TERMINATION
-
- You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
- expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
- sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your
- rights under this License.
-
- However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
- a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
- until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
- and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation
- by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
-
- Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently
- if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means,
- this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License
- (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior
- to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
-
- Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses
- of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License.
- If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt
- of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights
- to use it.
-
- 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
-
- The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
- Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar
- in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
- problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
-
- Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
- Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or
- any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
- and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that
- has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
- Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
- any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
- If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
- this License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
- version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
-
- 11. RELICENSING
-
- "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide
- Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent
- facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can
- edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration"
- (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus
- published on the MMC site.
-
- "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license
- published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with
- a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future
- copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.
-
- "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part,
- as part of another Document.
-
- An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License,
- and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other
- than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the
- MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated
- prior to November 1, 2008.
-
- The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under
- CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the
- MMC is eligible for relicensing. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your
- documents
-
- To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
- License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
- just after the title page:
-
- Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
- modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
- Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
- A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
- License".
-
- If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace
- the "with...Texts." line with this:
-
- with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover
- Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
-
- If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination
- of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
-
- If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
- releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license,
- such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
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