A new rake task emojis:generate downloads a full list of valid
unicode sequences from unicode.org and checks it against existing
Twemoji files, finally generating a map from each sequence to the
existing file (e.g. when there's multiple ways an emoji can be
expressed). The map is dumped into app/javascript/mastodon/emoji_map.json

That file is loaded by emojione_light.js (now a misnomer) which
decorates it further with shortcodes taken from emoji-mart's index.